Modern China

The characteristics of the Chinese perception of the European penetration and the methodological questions related to the treatment of contemporary history. The Chinese history theory is placed under test: the notion of civilisation in relation to development and progress. b) The methodological approach combines the elements from the traditional examples of Chinese and European historiography and avoids exclusive evaluation of quantitative or material criteria (connection with new anthropology, taking into account the specialities of the inner integrity of the addressed cultural and civilisation areas, etc.). c) An overview of the most important historic events and their importance in the context of the gradual modernisation of China.